As per local conditions and availability of materials different countries have adopted different methods for design of flat slabs and given their guidelines in their respective codes. Plain ceiling diffuses light better, easier to construct and requires cheaper form work. Absence of beam gives a plain ceiling, thus giving better architectural appearance and also less vulnerability in case of fire than in usual cases where beams are used. Reinforced flat slabs may need to be sensibly pre-cambered (not overdone) to control deflection. This form of construction has become less popular in recent years because of the limit on economical spans of about 9.5 m for reinforced slabs and about 12 m for pre-stressed slabs. They increase the shear capacity and the stiffness of the floor system under vertical loads, thus increasing the economical span range. Drop panels act as T-beams over the supports. A flat slab is a one-way or two-way system with thickenings in the slab at the columns and load bearing walls called ‘drop panels’. To support heavy loads the thickness of slab near the support with the column is increased and these are called drops, or columns are generally provided with enlarged heads called column heads or capitals. The slab directly rests on the column and load from the slab is directly transferred to the columns and then to the foundation. Flat slabs system of construction is one in which the beams used in the conventional methods of constructions are done away with.
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